Women in Afghanistan Essay -- Taliban, Turmoil, Famine, Drought

Throughout recent history, Afghanistan has been a country in turmoil. Famine, drought, civil war and Taliban rule have all had a significant impact on the Afghani people. While this has taken a very negative toll on all Afghan people, I believe, that none have been more negatively impacted than the women of Afghanistan. Having said that, not everything the Western world deems as a negative is also considered negative by the women and men of Afghanistan. One only has to read this quote, â€Å"Wearing the burqua is not mandatory, but few women are rushing to remove them† (Germani 14). While the Taliban and al-Qaida’s rule had a great negative impact from 1996-2001 and obviously oppressive to all Afghani women. They were not the sole source of oppression felt by the Afghan females as stated in this quote, â€Å"The roots of patriarchal oppression go deep in Afghan society - far deeper than the Taliban or al-Qaida.†(Rostami-Povey, E. 2007) As shown in the movie, Enemies of Happiness ( ) Afghan women are still suffering from planned and child bride marriages. Even though marriages of females below the age of 16 are outlawed by the constitution, this movie clearly shows that this continues to happen. As well does the reading from the introduction of Afghan Women in this quote â€Å"Afghan authorities do not investigate women’s complaints† (Rostami-Povey 2). More proof comes from the Ms Magazine article Stones can’t Stop Them, when in April of 2009 the President of Afghanistan signed the Shia Personal Status Law, that included, recognizing child marriages (Tang 21). And although this law was later withdrawn, it shows that oppressive thinking that is still going on in the Afghanistan culture today. Education is another way in which Afghan wo... ... and I saw the civil war; I saw everything damaged and destroyed,† she says, â€Å"This thought was always in my head: ‘I have to be in construction; I have to help conditions here† (Lemmon 35). Afghani women are indeed making a difference; they are also doing it on their own terms. Women of Afghanistan have endured many hardships and unfathomable oppression. A country plagued by war and continued rule by an inhumane rà ©gime or other unwelcome forms of governance. Despite all this, the women of Afghanistan have shown a tremendous resilience and human spirit that shows that women of the world, no matter how badly subjugated, will continue to strive for what they believe in. They are a true testimony to all women and one that I feel shows that the true spirit of mankind may inherently come from the female of the species and not from the much celebrated male! Women in Afghanistan Essay -- Taliban, Turmoil, Famine, Drought Throughout recent history, Afghanistan has been a country in turmoil. Famine, drought, civil war and Taliban rule have all had a significant impact on the Afghani people. While this has taken a very negative toll on all Afghan people, I believe, that none have been more negatively impacted than the women of Afghanistan. Having said that, not everything the Western world deems as a negative is also considered negative by the women and men of Afghanistan. One only has to read this quote, â€Å"Wearing the burqua is not mandatory, but few women are rushing to remove them† (Germani 14). While the Taliban and al-Qaida’s rule had a great negative impact from 1996-2001 and obviously oppressive to all Afghani women. They were not the sole source of oppression felt by the Afghan females as stated in this quote, â€Å"The roots of patriarchal oppression go deep in Afghan society - far deeper than the Taliban or al-Qaida.†(Rostami-Povey, E. 2007) As shown in the movie, Enemies of Happiness ( ) Afghan women are still suffering from planned and child bride marriages. Even though marriages of females below the age of 16 are outlawed by the constitution, this movie clearly shows that this continues to happen. As well does the reading from the introduction of Afghan Women in this quote â€Å"Afghan authorities do not investigate women’s complaints† (Rostami-Povey 2). More proof comes from the Ms Magazine article Stones can’t Stop Them, when in April of 2009 the President of Afghanistan signed the Shia Personal Status Law, that included, recognizing child marriages (Tang 21). And although this law was later withdrawn, it shows that oppressive thinking that is still going on in the Afghanistan culture today. Education is another way in which Afghan wo... ... and I saw the civil war; I saw everything damaged and destroyed,† she says, â€Å"This thought was always in my head: ‘I have to be in construction; I have to help conditions here† (Lemmon 35). Afghani women are indeed making a difference; they are also doing it on their own terms. Women of Afghanistan have endured many hardships and unfathomable oppression. A country plagued by war and continued rule by an inhumane rà ©gime or other unwelcome forms of governance. Despite all this, the women of Afghanistan have shown a tremendous resilience and human spirit that shows that women of the world, no matter how badly subjugated, will continue to strive for what they believe in. They are a true testimony to all women and one that I feel shows that the true spirit of mankind may inherently come from the female of the species and not from the much celebrated male!

An Exploration of Careers in Information Technology

At the beginning of my computer information course I was presented with challenge of writing a research paper. We were given several topics to choose from and I chose the topic of careers in information technology. The focus will be on the computer support specialist, the database administrator, the network and computer systems administrator, the computer, office machine and automated teller technician, the programmer, the software engineer, the cryptographer, the computer trainer, and the desktop publisher. I will explore what each profession is, the duties, the work environment, the education required to be in each profession, the earning potential and the future employment outlook of each field. Computer support specialists may also be called technical support specialists or help-desk technicians. A computer specialist provides technical assistance, support and advice to organizations and individuals. â€Å"They resolve common networking problems and may use troubleshooting programs to diagnose problems. Most computer support specialists are hired to work within a company to provide support for other employees and divisions. (O'Leary ; O'Leary, 2008) Much like the computer support specialist a technical support specialist provides support within an organization and oversees the daily performance of their company’s computer systems. The help-desk technician works directly with the customer responding to phone and email correspondence from them to ascertain their dilemma and pro vide them with assistance in solving their problems. These workers typically work in well-lit office settings or in computer labs. Because many skills are needed for these positions the education requirements vary. A college degree is required for some computer support specialist positions, but an associate degree or certification may be sufficient for others. Strong problem-solving and communication skills are essential. † (Labor, 2010) A computer support specialist can expect to earn an annual salary of $26,000 up to $76,000. â€Å"Median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer support specialists were $43,450 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $33,680 and $55,990. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $26,580, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $70,750. (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for workers in this position is good and expected to rapidly increase. A slight slowing may occur due to outsourcing however the job prospects remain positive. Those possessing bachelor’s degrees and relevant experience will have an advantage with employers. The database administrator is one who works with database management software to determine ways to stor e, organize, analyze, use, and present data. â€Å"They identify user needs and set up new computer databases. In many cases, database administrators must integrate data from old systems into a new system. They also test and coordinate modifications to the system when needed, and troubleshoot problems when they occur. An organization’s database administrator ensures the performance of the system. † (Labor, 2010) Their duties also include adding users and they may have to help with security measures. The work environment for these workers is ideally a comfortable well-lit office setting. With the expansion of computer networks they are often able to telecommute from home. The level of education requirement in this field largely depends on the employer. Workers can enter this field with many different levels of formal education, but relevant computer skills are always needed and certification may improve an applicant’s chances for employment. † (Labor, 2010) A worker in this field can expect an annual salary ranging from $39,900 to $91,850. The future employment outlook for the database administrator is good with a projected increase of 20% over the next eight years. Network and computer systems administrators are workers whose duties are to design, install, and support an organization’s computer system. They are responsible for LANs, WANs, network segments, and Internet and intranet systems. They install and maintain network hardware and software, analyze problems, and monitor networks to ensure their availability to users. These workers gather data to evaluate a system’s performance, identify user needs, and determine system and network requirements. † (Labor, 2010) The work environment for these workers is ideally a comfortable well-lit office setting. With the expansion of computer networks they are often able to telecommute from home. The education requirement for these workers is typically a bachelor’s degree but a professional certification may be adequate for some employers. â€Å"Experience with network security and maintenance is preferred. Because network administrators are involved directly with people in many departments, good communication skills are essential. † (O'Leary ; O'Leary, 2008) Network and computer system administrators can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $41,000 to $104,070. â€Å"Median annual wages of network and computer systems administrators were $66,310 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $51,690 and $84,110. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $41,000, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $104,070. † (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for the network and computer systems administrator is good and projected to increase by %23 over the next eight years. The computer, office machine and automated teller technicians are workers, who repair, install, fix, and maintain many of the machines that are used by businesses, households, and consumers. The computer technician is also known as a computer service technician or data processing equipment repairers. Duties include servicing mainframes, personal computers, servers, printers, installations and hands-on- repairs. The office machine technician repairs and maintains company machinery on site or for smaller machinery they may have a repair shop. The automated teller technician installs, repairs, maintains automated teller machines and electronic kiosks. These workers are often in the field. The work environment for these three technicians is most commonly are clean well-lit surroundings. Because computers and office machines are sensitive to extreme temperatures and humidity, repair shops usually are air-conditioned and well ventilated. Field repairers must travel frequently to various locations to install, maintain, or repair customers' equipment. ATM repairers may have to perform their jobs in small, confined spaces that house the equipment. Because computers and ATMs are critical for many organizations to function efficiently, data processing equipment repairers and ATM field technicians often work around the clock. [ (Labor, 2010) ] The education required for these positions is certification in computer repair or an associate degree. Employers also require knowledge and experience with electronics. Workers in these fields can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from approximately $23,000 to $43,000. The future employment outlook for these positions is projected to decline by 4% over the next eight years. As new innovations emerge with new machinery they require fewer repairs. The duties of a computer programmer is on who writes programs. The duties include converting the design of computer software design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. Depending on the need, they code these instructions into any number of programming languages. They also update, repair, modify, and expand existing programs. Computer programmers usually work in an office environment or in a laboratory. Usually a bachelor’s degree is required to work in this field however some employers will accept a two year degree or professional certification. They can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $40,000 to $111,450. Median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer programmers were $69,620 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $52,640 and $89,720 a year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $40,080, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $111,450. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] The future employment outlook for the computer programmer is expected to decline slowly by 3% over the next eight yea rs. This decline is due to outsourcing and advancements in programming languages. A software engineer analyzes users’ needs and creates application software. They apply the theories and principles of computer science and mathematical analysis to create, test, and evaluate the software applications and systems that make computers work. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] Some of the types of software they design are games, applications and operating systems. They typically work in office environments or telecommute from home. Most employers require a bachelor’s degree and extensive knowledge of computers and technology. â€Å"Those with specific experience with networking, the Internet, and Web applications may have an advantage over other applicants. Employers typically look for good communication and analytical skills. † [ (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) ] Software engineers can expect to earn an annual salary of approximately $53,000 to $128,000. â€Å"In May 2008, median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer software engineers were $85,430. The middle 50 percent earned between $67,790 and $104,870. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $53,720, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $128,870. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] The future employment outlook for workers in this position is good. It is projected to increase by 21% over the next eight years. Cryptography is the study and practice of encryption and decryption. Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a cipher text that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood. â€Å"Cryptographic technicians are responsible for operating cryptographic equipment that is used to code, decode, and transmit secret information. Such equipment is used in law enforcement agencies, armed forces, and business organizations. (University, 2010) The work environment for the cryptographer is a stressful one. They typically work at large corporations, as professors or for the government. Usually the education required in order to become a cryptographer is a PhD. â€Å"All cryptographers must have broad experience in both mathematics and computer science or information systems. † (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) They can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $60, 000 to $101,000. The future employment outlook for workers in this field is good. Because cryptography is very specialized there is a large demand for workers. A computer trainer is a type of training specialist that teaches new users how to use the latest software or hardware. â€Å"Responsibilities typically include preparation of course materials, grading coursework, and continuing education in the field. † (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) The type of instruction they provide depends on what setting they are in. Some of the different types of settings they work in are corporations, schools, seminars and consultations. Their working environments are typically offices, classrooms, or conference rooms. The trainer who works in a school is usually required to have a bachelor’s degree and teaching certification. â€Å"Corporate trainers and consultants may only need experience using the software being taught. Many software trainers are self-taught and rely on the knowledge they have gained working with various programs. † (University, 2010) Workers in this field can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $26,000 to $54,000. The future outlook for employment in this field is expected growth of faster than average over the next four years. A desktop publisher uses computers to format and create publication-ready material. â€Å"Ways in which they create this material are to use computer software to format and combine text, data, photographs, charts, and other graphic art or illustrations into prototypes of pages and other documents that are to be printed. They then may print the document on a high-resolution printer or send the materials to a commercial printer. Examples of materials produced by desktop publishers include books, brochures, calendars, magazines, newsletters, newspapers, and forms. (Labor, 2010) Some may write and edit, as well as layout and design pages. Their work environment is usually an office setting, well-lit and quiet. Most have a traditional Monday through Friday work schedule though they may have varying shifts where needed. Generally there is no formal education required to be a desktop publisher however employers prefer a degree or certification. They can expect to earn an annual salary rang ing from $21,000 to $43,000. â€Å"Median annual wages of desktop publishers were $36,600 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $28,140 and $47,870. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $21,860, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $59,210 a year. Median annual wages of desktop publishers in May 2008 were $39,870 in printing and related support services and $33,130 in newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers. † (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for the desktop publisher is expected to rapidly decline. Many workers have the added responsibility of publishing along with regular duties thus reducing the need to hire the desktop publication. Having explored all of these positions I found that many of them are similar. They have overlapping duties in some situations or work very closely together like the software engineer and the programmer. They work in a variety of settings; corporate offices, classrooms and laboratories. Almost all of them require a higher degree or certification. The cryptographer was the only position that required a doctorate while the desktop publisher does not require formal training. The overall average annual salary for these positions was approximately $52,000. The overall future employment outlook was good with most of the positions having projected growth before the next decade. References Labor, U. D. (2010, January). Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition. Retrieved January 25, 2010, from Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/oco O'Leary, T. J., & O'Leary, L. I. (2008). Computer Essentials: Introductory Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. University, S. (2010, January). Cryptographic Technician Job Description, Career as a Cryptographic Technician, Salary, Employment – Definition and Nature of the Work, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job. Retrieved January 26, 2010, from State University: http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/7758/Cryptographic-Technician.html

ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION

IN WHAT WAYS WERE THE ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION? The Hellenistic civilization marked an important time in Greek culture. This was the period between 323 and 31 BC, at one point the Greek society changed from being withdrawn and localized to an aggressive multinational, unprotected, and eager culture that infused together southwest Asia and eastern Mediterranean. The Hellenistic world involved many different people but the Greeks’ thinking and way of life influenced most of the matters.1 Every aspect related to culture followed the beliefs of the Greeks and this led to the Greek language becoming established, as the official language of this area. The following arguments are centralized around†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the law did not allow women to hold office, but the men who held offices were allowed to seek counsel of their wives and this could only be done in private. Conversely, equality of men and women was more in the Roman society than it had been in the Greek culture. Professor Roy Mathews and Dewitt Platt centralized their arguments around political humanities of the western world, and around the period for the Hellenistic civilization. This is when the institutions and culture of other nations interacted with the Greek’s in order to create a multicultural and varied civilization. From their definition, this would seem to suggest that Rome should not be counted as Hellenistic civilization because of the controversial time lines. Nonetheless, Rome was situated in the ideal geographical location, which naturally created a varied and multicultural civilization due to its expansion and methods of conquering people. This explanation indicates that Rome was an heir to Hellenistic civilization even though it does not fit according to the definition given by Professor Mathews and Platt. Professor Noble, on the other hand, explains how the fall of the Roman Empire led to the rising of three great civilizations of, the Byzantine Empire, medieval Eur ope, and the Islamic caliphate.8 Professor NobleShow MoreRelatedEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pagespolitically inï ¬â€šuential that ancient scholars blamed them for Sparta’s decline as a major power. And this was not simply another example of the enlightenment for which ancient Greece is famous: By most measures, Sparta was the least enlightened of the many Greek city–states.2 The most democratic city–state, and the source of the greatest art, philosophy, and so forth, was Athens, where women were not allowed to own property, received little education, and faced severe restrictions on their ability to move

Erik Erikson s Theory Of Life Essay - 1917 Words

Erik Erikson assumed that every person goes through eight stages involves a life crisis to be resolved one way or another and covers the entire life span of a human being (Santrock, 2014). Each crisis is not necessarily a catastrophic event, but a turning point and the more successfully an individual resolves each of these crises, the healthier the development will be (Santrock, 2014). Successful resolution of each stage affects the next stage and each stage is built upon, however, should that stage require a maladaptive resolution at any stage, this may interfere with others, therefore it is especially important, to get off to a good start. Erikson’s theory is of importance to this report as it should pinpoint some of the main issues or crises that M faced in her life time and it explains how her personality has been shaped, not only her only abilities/personality, but also by the environment in which she grew up in, where she lived, and the choices she made. Basic Trust versus Mistrust The first crisis or stage to be conquered, occurs during infancy and is mainly based on the quality of caregiving that the child experiences as the caregiver provides the child with the knowledge of the world, whether it is safe or dangerous place to be (Santrock, 2014). Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good pleasant place to live, or a place to mistrust and filled with uncertainty (Berzoff, 2011). The challenge of this stage isShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Life Span Development2134 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Erik Erikson’s views on the eight stages of development formalized and systematized the concept of life span development. His framework suggested that humans should be understood longitudinally and socially in the development of personality. Erikson is generally regarded as having a comprehensive, time tested, and well-established theory for growth along the life span. 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Since Erik EriksonRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelopmentalist focus on nature and nurture in the development of children. Bronfenbrenner’s theory is based on a child’s state of affairs and circumstances. The key idea in Erik Erikson’s theory is that the individual faces a conflict at each stage which may or may not within that stage. 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Business Project Proposal Of Brettamymelissa Essay

Executive Summary Brettamymelissa is a family owned, med-sized construction contacting company specializes in bridge construction, concrete work, demolition work, and deep foundation installation. Other areas of work involve a small trucking operation that specializes in flat bed hauling, dump trailer transportation and specialty hauling of oversized, overweight specially permitted cargo in the regional area. Currently we are constantly expanding and contracting nationwide. In order for the company to increase efficiently and effectively the need for implementing a system that will provide the functionality necessary to run the business, that is easy and convenient for the end users, and delivers a competitive advantage is highly recommended. The system currently in place does not meet those needs and will not support the growth and innovation, which are part of the company’s future success. The company main areas of functionality are sending emails, making phone calls or hand carrying file s between various offices within the company. Group 3 – Business Project Proposal CURRENT IS STRUCTURE Currently the company is designed, developed and implemented with a centralized computing systems, mostly with an emphasis on optimizing manufacturing processes by synchronizing the materials with production requirements using manufacturing resources planning (MRP II)(Mohammad a rashidmassey, 2002). This would include a combination of spreadsheets, basic accounting software,

What challenges does post modernity present for Christian Doctrine Free Essays

Introduction Post-modernity is a concept that deals with the study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty. It is positioned as a result of modernity, which claims the idea Progress, a sense of history and democratization (e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on What challenges does post modernity present for Christian Doctrine? or any similar topic only for you Order Now personalization). Post modernity operates an erasure of the future that leads to the worship of this. So what Fukuyama announced the end of historicismSome ideas of revolutionary school progress or implementation of the adverse effects of technology. Post-modernity is thus a failure, and notably temporal: it is impossible to be at this time, or ahead of its time †¦ is the reign of timelessness. There is also a real saturation of social movements. Finally, philosophy, postmodernism asserts in his critique of modernity and the adoption of monism strong individualism. I. Brief description of modernity Modernity is really born with the Enlightenment philosophers who believed that â€Å"man is the measure of all things† (humanism). He rejected the authority and tradition and replaces them with reason and science. God and religion are dethroned. The modern mind assumes knowledge as accessible to the human spirit. Knowledge is certain, objective and well and should lead to progress. Modern man has absolute faith in his rational capacities. Through observation, experience and reflection, one can discover the truth. The school is a place bursting with the native environment for progress. Education must liberate the individual from the narrow and irrational that it imposes on his passions, his family and society to be open to rational knowledge. II. What is post modernity? In other words, postmodernism is a philosophy that says no objective truth or absolute, particularly when dealing with religion and spirituality. In the confrontation with the truth about the reality of God and religious practice, the post-modern perspective is illustrated in the statement that â€Å"what is true for you, it’s not for me.† The term â€Å"postmodernism† means literally â€Å"after modernism† and is used philosophically to describe the current era, which came after the age of modernity. Postmodernism is a reaction (or perhaps more appropriately, a wry response ) broken promise of modernism from the use of human reason alone to better mankind and make the world a better place. Because the belief that modernity has been the absolute exists, postmodernism seeks to â€Å"correct† things by taking out the absolute truth and that everything (including the empirical sciences and religion) in relation to an individual’s beliefs and desires. III. The cross over modernity to post modernity Modernity has been characterized by an increased knowledge in all areas. Globalisation and the Media Development accentuated this phenomenon. The reason is unable to unify knowledge. It is rather a coexistence of heterogeneous knowledge, knowledge of the break (fragmentation, fragmentation, division). The sense and rationality seem to oppose. The dream continues progress has been shaken by two world wars, the Holocaust, the development of nationalism, by the fear of nuclear destruction, degradation of the environment. Implementation of technology is dehumanizing. The reason is considered an instrument of power and domination, which stifles the subject, his feelings, imagination, intuition†¦ Gradually, the optimism of modernity will give way to disenchantment and disillusionment. Post-modern present both as a rejection and an excess of modernity. IV. The challenges of modernity for post Christian Doctrine The dangers of postmodernism can be seen as a downward spiral that began with the rejection of absolute truth, which leads to a loss of distinctions in matters of religion and faith, and finally ends in a philosophy of religious pluralism that says no faith or religion is objectively true and therefore nobody can claim that their religion is true and the other is false. The end of the reign of reason Modernity was the reason the last idol, the woman who was to succeed where all others had failed (cosmos, religion, tradition, country †¦), which was to succeed in unifying the know. Its failure is a sign idols and end in a new era of post modernity. This failure also calls into question the very notion of progress. Relativism â€Å"To each his own truth! This phrase perfectly characterizes post modernity. Relativism follows from the end of the idols, the unifying principle of the lack of knowledge. Knowledge is not certain, objective and good, everybody is back to himself to determine what is true. Now, truth is subjective, that’s what makes sense to me. Distrust of authority Since no authority is really meaning it follows a general mistrust of all forms of authority. The hyper individualism Humanism has been associated with modernity has begun on the phenomenon of individualization. With the end of the reign of reason, relativism and distrust of authority, with the need to identify itself, the phenomenon is growing again †¦ You can then speak of hyper individualism. The hyper-individualism is in particular the importance of personal experience and gives pride to the feelings. â€Å"I feel therefore I am†! The distortion of language The language is misleading. Everyone can give another meaning to a word. There is no reference to the most common that gives true meaning to the words. In this regard it is interesting to note that dictionaries of all types of countless flowers every day†¦ More Choices This feature, already present in modernity as resulting in particular from a better knowledge and their heterogeneity, also increases. Multiplication called the multiplication†¦ The importance of the moment Here and now! Because the past is irretrievably lost, since the very possibility of progress has no merit, because the future has nothing to offer, it must be lived and live intensely. A sense of despair While the reign of reason, optimism and enthusiasm are shaping, post modernity sees the emergence of a new mindset. Optimism gradually gives way to cynicism and scepticism and pessimism and even despair. The return of religion The question that arises is what religion is sheThree main features appear. Firstly it is a religious map (at each of its religious). Then there is also a religious reason for refusing a leap into the irrational (faith without reason can there be?). Finally, the return of religion certainly reflects the inability of man to live without belief Conclusion To repeat my simplification, postmodernism is relativism. Postmodernism is a reaction against the structures of logical truth of modern thought that gave us suggestions on the absolute nature, time, space, mathematics, know ability, the repeatability of the experiment, predictability, etc. modernism developed science , technology and medicine, he helped to produce a comfortable and predictable society – in which people tend to become complacent, comfortable and predictable. But there are always people who ask questions rather than blindly follow the status quo. They look for different means of expression, different interpretations of truth, to teach the idea that truth is not necessarily absolute, and that reality can be reinterpreted. It is in the post-modern context that the emerging churches are seeking work. Bibliography Hun singer G 2007. Postliberal Theology. In Vanhoozer (ed) Postmodern Theology. Cambridge: CUP Ingraffia BD 1995. Postmodern Theory and Biblical Theology. Cambridge: CUP. Iser W 1978. The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. Baltimore: John Hopkins University James W 1975. Pragmatism: A New Name for some Old Ways of Thinking, Cambridge: Harvard University Press Jay M 1993. The Debate over Performance Contradiction: Habermas versus the Poststructuralist. In Force Fields. New York: Routledge Padilla RC 1979. Hermeneutics and Culture: A Theological Perspective. In Gospel and Culture. Pasadena: William Carey Library Pannenberg W 1970. Basic Questions in Theology (Vol 1). London: SCM Penner M 2005. Christianity and the Postmodern Turn. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press Placher W 1999. Being Postliberal: A Response to James Gustafson. Christian Century April 1999 Plantinga A 2000. Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford:OUP Andrew K. M. Adam, ‘Author’, in Handbook of Post-modern Biblical Interpretation (ed. Andrew K. M. Adam; St. Louis: Chalice, 2000), 8–13. How to cite What challenges does post modernity present for Christian Doctrine?, Essay examples

How accurate is it to say that the growth of reformist groups in the years from 1881 was the main cause of the 1905 revolution free essay sample

There were a number of reformist groups from 1881. Key examples of these were groups such as the Kadets, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. All three of these groups had slightly different aims. But all of them wanted something in common and that was change in Russia. Therefore as we clearly see reformist parties did put a large amount of pressure on Russia and on the Tsarist government. But on the other hand there were a number of other important factors that I believe where largely involved in causing the 1905 revolution. The factors I intend to include are: The large amount of social and economic problems, the Russo- Japanese war and bloody Sunday as I believe these were also key causes of the 1905 revolutions. Reformist groups first came into Russia in the 1860’s. The first reformist group was known as the populists, they disliked the autocratic rule of the Tsar and wanted to change the way the government was run. We will write a custom essay sample on How accurate is it to say that the growth of reformist groups in the years from 1881 was the main cause of the 1905 revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Obviously the main aim for all reformist groups was to change the way the country governed. Therefore we saw large changes to reformist groups and we saw an increase in popularity in them. During and after 1898 we saw the emergence of reformist groups such as the socialist revolutionary party and the social democrat party. The socialist revolutionist party believed Russia’s future lay with peasantry and therefore disagreed strongly with the Tsar and the way Russia was governed. The social revolutionists were led by Viktor Chernov who gained support from many industrial workers. But the socialist revolutionists also gained the support of many extremists and even had its own terrorist group similar to ‘peoples will’. The socialist revolutionary party was an example of how reformist groups led to the 1905 revolution as they would often cause large-scale violence. In the years 1901-1905 the socialist revolutionary’s were responsible for over 2000 assassinations including the Tsar’s uncle and many other political powers. This shows reformist groups such as the socialist revolutionaries were a large cause towards the 1905 revolution as they eliminated many powerful figures in the Russian government and caused a large amount of political unrest. This led to instability in the government and resulted in people seeing reformist   groups as an easy way to create change. And therefore people resulted in violence and uprisings put pressure on the Tsar creating a tense revolutionary ready Russia. Another key reformist group was the social democrats they were created in 1898 and believed strongly in western ideas and Marxism. The group also wanted a society that gave power to workers and peas ants. Which was the opposite of the Tsar’s views. Therefore in order to achieve this they would need a revolution in Russia and a change in the government. Similar to the socialist revolutionists they believed that creating violence was the best way to achieve this. But in 1905 it split into two groups these were known as the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. These groups created large widespread unrest to created political change. As we can see the violence and unrest caused by these groups would’ve pressured the Tsar and therefore are a main cause of the revolution. There were also the Liberals in Russia. They were later split up into the Octoborists and the Kadets. The liberals were made up of the middle class who wanted political freedom for Russia and also wanted to see Russia develop along the lines of Western countries. The liberals only used peaceful means to achieve their aims and therefore created a smaller impact in comparison to more radical reformist groups. Though once again we can see that the Liberals were another reformist group putting pressure on Russia and the Tsar and therefore increasing the chance of revolution. As well as that the large number of reformist groups meant that it was very difficult for the Tsar to keep control of Russia. Therefore once again we can see that the reformist groups did have a large impact on creating the revolution. There were also many other major factors that led to the 1905 revolution. I believe one of the largest was the social and economic causes. Before 1905 eighty percent of the Russian population was made up of peasants. And to make this even worse the Russian population was rapidly growing. This meant peasants could just about survive if the harvests were successful but for example in 1901 the harvests were unsuccessful and therefore this resulted in violence. Peasants attacked government officials and destroyed government records on land owning’s. This put Russia on the verge of revolution especially in the countryside. As these peasant uprisings had shown the Tsar the damage that the peasants could do